1.01 BearbeiterInnen FFH-VP-Info (siehe Impressum) (o. J.)

Baubedingte Barrierewirkungen oder Mortalität können bei der Kegelrobbe durch hohe Unterwasserschallemissionen z. B. beim Rammen von Fundamenten entstehen. Verletzungen und Mortalität resultiert dabei aus sehr hohen Schalldruckpegeln; Barrierewirkungen sind aufgrund großflächiger Störungen bzw. Meidereaktionen vorstellbar. Da beide Effekte aus akustischen Reizen resultieren, werden diese Auswirkungen unter Wirkfaktor 5-1 geführt.

Qualifizierung der Quelle: E

1.02 Bergström, L., Kautsky, L., Malm, T., Rosenberg, R., Wahlberg, M., Capetillo, N. Å., & Wilhelmsson, D. (2014)

"The present study synthesizes the current state of understanding on the effects of offshore wind farms on marine wildlife [Anm.: marine mammals included, BearbeiterInnen FFH-VP-Info], in order to identify general versus local conclusions in published studies. [...] Research on the environmental effects of offshore wind farms has gone through a rapid maturation and learning process, with the bulk of knowledge being developed within the past ten years. The studies showed a high level of consensus with respect to the construction phase, indicating that potential impacts on marine life should be carefully considered in marine spatial planning."

Qualifizierung der Quelle: D

1.03 OSPAR Commission 2008 (2008)

"There are no clear indications that underwater noise caused by the installation or operation of subsea cables poses a high risk of harming marine fauna. However, there are still significant gaps in knowledge both regarding the characteristics of sound emissions and sound perception by marine animals. Scheduling laying activities and/or performing aerial surveys for monitoring the presence of e.g. marine mammals with a subsequent suspension of activities are possible mitigation measures."

Qualifizierung der Quelle: D